{"id":1914,"date":"2017-11-27T15:03:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-27T15:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pszich.u-szeged.hu\/impulzus\/?page_id=1914"},"modified":"2017-11-27T15:04:07","modified_gmt":"2017-11-27T15:04:07","slug":"a-hazugsag-folyamata-es-kognitiv-iranyultsagu-vizsgaloeljarasai","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/?page_id=1914","title":{"rendered":"A hazugs\u00e1g folyamata \u00e9s kognit\u00edv ir\u00e1nyults\u00e1g\u00fa vizsg\u00e1l\u00f3elj\u00e1r\u00e1sai"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"pdf-icon\"<\/a>Buday Zs\u00f3fia<\/strong>
\nPPKE BTK Pszichol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet<\/p>\n

A poligr\u00e1fos vizsg\u00e1lat a legsz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6rben ismert \u00e9s alkalmazott hazugs\u00e1gdetekci\u00f3s elj\u00e1r\u00e1s az igazs\u00e1gszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sban. Azonban sz\u00e1mos kritika mer\u00fclt fel megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1val kapcsolatban. Emiatt megn\u0151tt az ig\u00e9ny \u00fajabb, hat\u00e1sosabb m\u00f3dszerek kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9re, \u00e9s ehhez k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151en a hazugs\u00e1g folyamata k\u00f6zben v\u00e9gbemen\u0151 kognit\u00edv mechanizmusok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9re. Az \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 els\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben bemutatom a poligr\u00e1fos elj\u00e1r\u00e1st \u00e9s az azzal egy\u00fctt haszn\u00e1lt kik\u00e9rdez\u00e9si technik\u00e1kat, valamint a poligr\u00e1ffal szemben felmer\u00fclt k\u00e9telyeket, az elj\u00e1r\u00e1s potenci\u00e1lis gyenges\u00e9geit. Ezut\u00e1n ismertetem a korai hazugs\u00e1gmodelleket, \u00e9s kit\u00e9rek a hazugs\u00e1g neurokognit\u00edv folyamataira is. Bemutatom \u00e9s \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edtom a hazugs\u00e1g kognit\u00edv folyamatainak felt\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s\u00e9vel foglalkoz\u00f3 f\u0151bb elm\u00e9leteket. A kognit\u00edv megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9sek kiindul\u00f3pontja, hogy egy adott hazugs\u00e1g t\u00edpus\u00e1t\u00f3l, k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 jellemz\u0151it\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151en m\u00e1s-m\u00e1s m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 kognit\u00edv kapacit\u00e1st ig\u00e9nyelhet. Ezeknek az elm\u00e9leteknek a seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel m\u00e9g hat\u00e9konyabb hazugs\u00e1gvizsg\u00e1l\u00f3 elj\u00e1r\u00e1sok fejleszthet\u0151ek ki, amelyek a b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9nyek felder\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9ben is haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. Ilyenek p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a kognit\u00edv terhel\u00e9sen alapul\u00f3 m\u00f3dszerek. V\u00e9g\u00fcl kit\u00e9rek arra, hogy az \u00faj elj\u00e1r\u00e1sok alkalmazhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1val kapcsolatban \u00e9rdemes figyelembe venni az egy\u00e9ni k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek szerep\u00e9t, a motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3t, a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00f6nv\u00e9d\u0151 viselked\u00e9seket vagy a szorong\u00e1s szintj\u00e9t. A kognit\u00edv terhel\u00e9s m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke sz\u00e1mos t\u00e9nyez\u0151t\u0151l f\u00fcgghet, bizonyos esetekben igazat mondani megterhel\u0151bb, mint hazudni.<\/p>\n

Kulcsszavak<\/strong>: poligr\u00e1f, pszichofiziol\u00f3giai reakci\u00f3k, reakci\u00f3id\u0151, v\u00e9grehajt\u00f3 funkci\u00f3k, munkamem\u00f3ria, kognit\u00edv terhel\u00e9s <\/p>\n

[hr\/]<\/p>\n

English abstract<\/h3>\n

The process of lying and cognitive lie detection approaches<\/strong><\/p>\n

The polygraph test is the most widely used lie detection method in jurisdiction. However, its validity and reliability has often been criticized. There is a need for the development of newer, more efficient deception detection techniques, and to understand the cognitive mechanisms of lying. In the first part of this paper, the polygraph and the tests that are most widely used with this device are introduced, alongside with relevant criticism and the weak points of the procedure. Then, early models and basic neurocognitive mechanisms of lying are summarized. Relevant theories aiming to map the cognitive mechanisms of lying are discussed and compared. The basis of the cognitive approaches is that depending on the characteristics and type of the lie, the amount of cognitive capacity needed will be different. With the help of these theories, more efficient deception detection techniques can be developed that can be used during crime investigations as well. Some of these techniques work by inducing cognitive load. In the end, a few factors are mentioned that should be taken into account while considering the applicability and possible limitations of these new methods, before putting them into practice. These include the role of individual differences and motivation, the amount of anxiety and different self-defending strategies. The amount of cognitive load depends on many factors, in certain cases, telling the truth can be more cognitively demanding than lying. <\/p>\n

Key words<\/strong>: polygraph, psychophysiological reactions, reaction time, executive functions, working memory, cognitive load<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

« Vissza a tartalomjegyz\u00e9khez<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Buday Zs\u00f3fia PPKE BTK Pszichol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet A poligr\u00e1fos vizsg\u00e1lat a legsz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6rben ismert \u00e9s alkalmazott hazugs\u00e1gdetekci\u00f3s elj\u00e1r\u00e1s az igazs\u00e1gszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sban. Azonban sz\u00e1mos kritika mer\u00fclt fel megb\u00edzhat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1val kapcsolatban. Emiatt megn\u0151tt az ig\u00e9ny \u00fajabb, hat\u00e1sosabb m\u00f3dszerek kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9re, \u00e9s ehhez k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151en a hazugs\u00e1g folyamata k\u00f6zben v\u00e9gbemen\u0151 kognit\u00edv mechanizmusok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9re. Az \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 els\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben bemutatom a poligr\u00e1fos elj\u00e1r\u00e1st \u00e9s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1894,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template_fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1914"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1914"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1916,"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1914\/revisions\/1916"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/impulzus-pszichologia.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}